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Microbiological contamination with fungi and bacteria can pose a significant destroy to old manuscripts or health hazard to those working in archives or library. Among 520 selected old documents, 162 manuscripts (31.15%) macroscopically showed fungal growth or damage and number of 75 documents (14.42%) were positive for presence of fungi but by culture fungal contamination revealed in 30 manuscripts (5.77%). Also, about 199 representative fungal isolates developed on PDA medium were isolated from old manuscripts samples. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. were the main contaminating mould genera of all tested manuscripts and account over two third of contaminations. The fungal genera could be arranged on the basis of their frequent occurrence as follows: Aspergillus (45.57%), Fusarium (33.1%), Penicillium (8.6%), Alternaria (6.5%), Trichoderma (3.0%), Stymphylium (1.5%) and Nigrospora (0.5%) of the total fungal count. The obtained data also showed that of the 53 fungal isolates screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) only 31(58.49% ) had the ability to grow. Moreover, only 8 out off 31fungal isolates had a high ability to decompose cellulose powder in Czepek's medium. The growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited (100% inhibition) at rhiozolex concentration of ≤ 200ppm and benlate concentration of ≤ 400ppm. While, the growth of A. niger was also completely inhibited at rhizolex concentration of ≤ 400ppm and benlate at≤ 200ppm. The growth of F. oxysporum was completely inhibited by rhizolex at 1600ppm and benlate at ≤ 100ppm. On the other hand, fumigation with Para formaldehyde tablet for 9 days completely inhibited A. niger growth.

STUDIES ON FUNGAL ISOLATES INVOLVED IN BIODETERIORATION OF ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS OF THE GENERAL EGYPTIAN BOOK ORGANIZATION (GEBO)