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This paper presents the way we used non-destructive methods-optical microscopy (OM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), xraydiffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) microscopy. The Ramanspectra of copper were reported using an Nd-YAG laser operating at an excitation wavelengthof 1064, 785and532 nm. These analyses were used to understand the corrosivemorphological characteristics of the patina, to investigate the corrosion products, analyze theelementary composition of the copper object and to identify the corrosive factors with effectson the alteration processes. This object exhibited at the museum of the faculty of applied arts,Helwan university-Egypt. The results indicated that the object was made of brass alloy, withcopper as the main element, beside zinc. Three layers of alteration products with variouscomposition and morphology covered the substrate of the brass alloy. SEM-EDX, XRDanalyses and Raman spectroscopy (RS) revealed the elements Cl, S, O, C, from primary andsecondary chemical compounds and from soil micro-structure. This study provides usefulinformation for the conservation of copper object.

A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE PATINA, CORROSION MORPHOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION OF EGYPTIAN BRASS OBJECT