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A rifle and its ammunition pouch, from Dhamar museum, Yemen, were selected for the study.While the rifle was made of iron and wood, its ammunition pouch was taken from an animalhorn. Both are considered an artifcat.This composite structure, consisted, due to its complexnature, of more than one element, where each element tended to influence and be influencedmutually by one or more of the others elements.Hence, the current study aimed to examinethe rifle and its ammunition pouch, as follows: studying metal corrosion; examining the wood,horn, and their deterioration phenomena; and explaining the mutual impact of the differentmaterials. This helps us understand the serious problems of the corrosive phenomena andtheir degradation mechanisms. It also helps identify their structure in order to provide thescientific treatment and conservation of the organic parts (Tamarix, Syacamore wood and animalHorn), and inorganic parts (Iron and cupper). Therefore, samples from the rifle and its ammunitionpouch were taken and examined by Light Microscope, Metallographic Microscope, ScanningElectron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, and X-Ray Fluorescence. Accordingly, chemical cleaningwas chosen for treatment (by Alcohol and Toluene for wood and citric acid for metal parts).

A LABORATORY STUDY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RIFLE FROM DHAMAR MUSEUM, YEMEN