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This study discusses the assessment of the role of bats excretions (guano, blood and urine) inphysiochemical degradation of historical stone surfaces for conservation purposes. The studywas applied on the wall painting from Mohamed Ali palace (1812) located in Suez, Egypt.Certain parts of the inside walls of the palace suffer from the accumulation of bats excretionsthat lead to deformation, exfoliation and detachment of a large area of the paintings. Theassessment was performed through characterization of the degradation products and themicrobial activities. The study was carried out using various analytical methods such as opticalmicroscope, scanning electron microscopy equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray (SEMEDX)system and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These complementary analytical techniques allowedthe identification of the wall painting components and the degradation products accumulated onthe wall painting surface. The data showed the presence of phosphates minerals: Brushite(CaHPO4.2H2O), Whitlockite (Ca,(Mg, Fe)[PO3OH/(PO4)6]) and Newberyite MgHPO4·3H2O).These minerals are most probably derived from bat guano (excrements).The microbiologicalstudy of accumulation excretions allowed the identification of some fungi such as: Aspergillusniger, Aspergillus flavus, Acremonium cerealis, Morterilla subtilssina and one kind of Gram+vebacillus sp. (mono-dibble-strepto bacillus). Their metabolic activities play an important role in thephysiochemical disruption of paint layers.

ROLE ASSESSMENT OF BAT EXCRETIONS IN DEGRADATION OF PAINTED SURFACE FROM MOHAMED ALI'S PALACE, SUEZ, EGYPT