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he present investigation aimed to study the effect of dietary fresh or dried garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets at different levels, on growth performance, nutrients utilization, carcass traits and whole bodies' chemical composition. The study was performed in four concrete ponds (7.5 × 2.25 × 0.70 m). All experimental ponds were divided into four partitions with a water volume of each partition of 3 m (1.875 × 2.25 × 0.70 m). The experiment included five dietary treatments i.e the control (C); treatment 2 fed on the basal diet supplemented with 5g. fresh garlic/kg diet (FG5); treatment 3 supplemented with fresh garlic at 3g/kg (FG3) and treatments 4 and 5 supplemented with dried garlic at levels of 5 and 3g/kg (DG5) and (DG3), respectively. Fresh and dried garlic were supplemented to the basal diet and mixed with the basal diet thoroughly. Each dietary treatment was applied in triplicates and stocked with healthy mono-sex Nile tilapia fry (0.26g initial weight) at a rate of 60 fry each replicate i.e 20 fry / m. The basal diet was formulated to contain about 33% crud protein and 4500 kcal gross energy. The experimental diets were fed at daily rates of 30; 10; 6 and 4% of the fish biomass for fish weights from 0.26 to 1g; 1-5g; 5-20g and 20g till the end of the experiment after 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental diets were offered daily in equal parts at 9am; 11am; 1pm and 3pm, respectively. Results obtained are summarized in the following: 1The highest (P<0.05) final weights (90.02g); total weight gain (89.76g); daily weight gain (0.58g); specific growth rate (3.81) and survival rate 93.89% were recorded with the group fed on the basal diet supplemented with fresh garlic at 3g/kg level, while the lowest value (P<0.05) was recorded by the control unsupplemented group. All garlic supplemented groups recorded significantly higher condition factor compared to the control group. 2The group fed on the diet supplemented with dried garlic (5g/kg) recorded significantly the best feed conversion ratio; protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value; while the control group recorded the worst value of the tested feed utilization parameters. 3Garlic supplementation of Nile tilapia diets released significant effects on dressing percentages for the favor of dried garlic at levels 5 and 3g/kg while the T Nabil F. Abdel-Hakim et al. 20 control group recorded the lowest (P<0.05) value, garlic supplementation showed significant effects on by-products; flesh percentages and hepato somatic index. 4Supplementation of Nile tilapia diets with fresh or dried garlic had no significant effects on moisture; dry matter and ash contents of fish whole bodies, while it released significant effects on the whole body protein and fat compared to the control group. 5Dietary fresh or dried garlic supplementation showed significant effects on tilapia serum total protein; total albumen; total globulin and total lipids. 6Supplementing Nile tilapia diets with fresh garlic at levels of 5 or 3g/kg and dried garlic at levels of 5 or 3g/kg reduced the costs of production one kg of fish gain by 6.39; 6.02; 9.72 and 6.05% compared to the control group, respectively. Based on the present results, supplementation of growing Nile tilapia diets with dried garlic at 5g/kg diet level is recommended to achieve better growth performance; feed utilization and to reduce the costs of production of one kg/gain in weight.

egyptian journal of aquatic biology and fisheries

Effect of fresh or dried garlic as a natural feed supplement on growth performance and nutrients utilization of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticas)