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he fine structure of the tegument of N. kashmirensis (Nematotaeniidae: Cyclophyllidea) mature proglottids consists of distal cytoplasm connected with underlying perikarya by cytoplasmic bridges. The distal cytoplasm lies on the basal lamina below which there are two layers of smooth muscles, circular and longitudinal bundles. The distal cytoplasm contains mitochodria, electron dense bodies and vesicles of variable size, shape and density. The tegument bears three types of microtriches, namely: filiform, spiniform and digitiform. They have multiple functions, such as amplification of the surface area for digestion and absorption, excretion, movement, attachment to the intestinal mucosa of their hosts and external protection. Type and distribution of microtriches are considered to be of systematic and phylogenetic importance. The fine structure of the excretory system consists of numerous flame cells each bears a bunch of 54 cilia, which are anchored in the cytoplasm by means of basal bodies possessing striated rootlets. All cilia in the flame cell are aligned in the same direction. The flame and duct cells are connected by interdigitating ribs of cytoplasm separated by a fibrous sheet. Both internal and external leptotriches are also present. The apical surface of the cytoplasm lining the duct is convoluted and its surface area is further amplified by microvilli. Keyword: Toad, Bufo regularis, tegument, excretory system, Nematotaenia kashmirensis

egyptian journal of aquatic biology and fisheries

Ultrastructural studies of the tegument and excretory system of the cestode Nematotaenia kashmirensis (Fotedar, 1966) infecting the toad Bufo regularis in Egypt.