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he concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) in water of the largest Delta wetlands (Lake Manzala; north of Egypt), in relation to some water quality characteristics were investigated. Samples were collected from ten stations covering the whole lake area through twelve successive cruises that commenced in January 2004 and ended in December 2004. The obtained results declared that, the agricultural and domestic sewage drained into the lake from urban and rural lands have an adverse effects of water quality characteristics of the lake. Nowadays, there are huge amount of treated sewage from Bahr El-Baqr drain discharged into the lake, but the water quality still undergoes a severe deterioration. The most studied parameters; especially nutrient salts and heavy metals varied in wide range, increased in the southern region and decreased towards north eastern part of the lake. Contrarily, salinity, chloride, sulphate and major cations decreased in the south and increased in north eastern part. Heavy metals discharged into the lake create a serious environmental problems, where the levels of iron, manganese, lead and cadmium are exceeded the universal guidelines for water quality established by Environmental Protection Agency.

Assessment of some water quality characteristics and determination of some heavy metals in Lake Manzala, Egypt