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Objectives: This study aimed at comparing head posture and skeletal antero posterior jaw relationship in different sex groups. Materials and methods: the study group consisted of 505 lateral cephalograms representing skeletal groups of Class I,II, and III based on ANB angle.Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to gender : subgroup 1 (females) and subgroup 2 (males). Several cephalometric parameters and head posture variable were measured on the cephalograms . Head posture variables were compared in different antero-posterior jaw relationship and different sex groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: In the total sample, the only significant difference in head posture variable between different skeletal classes was NSL_Ver (P<0.05) between Class II and Class III skeletal relationships. There were significant differences in most of the head posture variables between both genders in the total sample at different P levels. Conclusion: Class II patients exhibited more head extension relative to the true vertical plane than Class III patients. Females exhibiting more head extension relative to the cervical column than males, more forward cervical inclination and more cervical curvature also were noticed in females than males in the total sample. (1180) Waleed El Sayed Refaat E.D.J. Vol. 63, No. 2 on 136 patients with no regard to age and gender; he found significant correlations between head posture and antero-posterior jaw relationships. D’Attilio et al. (2005)17 conducted a study on children only ,they found several differences in head posture variables among different anteroposterior skeletal relationships. It would be of importance to investigate if there is any direct or indirect relationship between antero-posterior skeletal pattern and head posture. So in this study, head posture variables were examined and compared in subjects with different antero-posterior jaw relationships, taking the effect of age into consideration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials A total sample of adult 505 lateral cephalograms were included in the study. The inclusion criteria for the subjects enrolled in the study were: 1. No previous orthodontic or orthognathic surgical treatment. 2. No cervical spine disorder or deformity. 3. The first four cervical vertebrae are included in the lateral cephalogram. Classification According to Antero-Posterior Skeletal Relationship. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the antero-posterior skeletal relationship based on the value of ANB angle. Furthermore, subjects in each group were subdivided into two age groups; subgroup 1 included females and subgroup 2 included males. Group I: Class I skeletal relationship (ANB angle = 3°± 1) This group comprised 184 subjects( with a mean ANB of 3.0° ± 0.82) was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 consisted of 113 subjects. subgroup 2 consisted of 71 subjects. Group II: Class II skeletal relationship (ANB angle > 4 degrees) This group comprised 177 subjects( with a mean ANB of 6.07° ± 1.19) was subdivided into two subgroups. sub group 1 consisted of102 subjects and subgroup2 consisted of 75 subjects . Group III: Class III skeletal relationship (ANB angle < 2 degrees) This group comprised 144 subjects (with a mean ANB of -0.75° ± 1.93) was subdivided into two subgroups. sub group 1 consisted of 78 subjects, and subgroup 2 consisted of 66 subjects .

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAD POSTURE AND SKELETAL ANTERO-POSTERIOR JAW RELATIONSHIPS IN DIFFERENT SEX GROUPS