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Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of death. The choice of breast cancer treatment is based on its clinical staging. Although there is a development in the adjuvant of systemic treatments, surgery is a primary choice for treatment. One of those complications is surgical leakage which is suggested to have many cell growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in order to tissue repair process. Many studies reported that surgical leakage may have a role in tumor progression and local recurrence by inducing the lasting cancer cells. Invasion and metastasis are one of several cellular mechanisms in cancer development and progression through secretions of many inflammatory mediators. For example, TNF-α is one of the inflammatory mediators that up-regulates the expression and secretion of proteases (such as matrix metalloproteinases MMPs family) which are involved in carcinoma cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Indeed the role of TNF-α in cancer progression and metastasis is depending on its ability to produce and stimulate (MMP) which have a role in tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis process. Also one of TNF-α function is to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process which known to occur through embryogenesis, metastasis. Previous studies by the authors showed that TNF- α is highly expressed and secreted by tumor microenvironment by Egyptian cancer patients. Using different concentrations of recombinant TNF-α, we test the morphological changes of cancer cells from a round shape to spindle shape (migratory cells), in addition, we studied how different concentrations of TNF- α induce invasion and migration on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line using Matrigel Invasion chambers.

Characterization of The Surgical Leakage Collected After Breast Cancer Surgery and Studying Their Effect on Breast Cancer Cell Line