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This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical and hepatic ultrasonographic changes in ketotic dairy cows. For that purpose, we examined 42 lactating HolsteinFriesian cows with ages from 310 years old during the post parturient period (up to 6 weeks postpartum). The cows were classified into control healthy (C=20), subclinical ketotic cows (SCK=17) and clinical ketotic cows (CK=5). Clinically, anorexia and reduction in milk yield were observed in CK cows. The ruminal movements showed a significant depression (P<0.05) in CK than SCK and control. The serum glucose, insulin and cortisol showed a highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in CK and SCK than control. The serum NEFA and BHBA showed a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in CK and SCK than control. Serum cholesterol and HDL levels showed a significant (P<0.01) decrease in SCK and CK cows than control. Serum triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in CK than control. The serum activity of AST, ALT and GGT were significantly increased (P<0.05) in CK cows than control. Serum Ca and P levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in CK cows than SCK and control. Regarding the oxidative stress biomarkers, serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in CK cows than SCK and control whereas, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in CK cows than control. Hepatic ultrasonography of ketotic cows revealed varying degrees of fatty infiltration (focal and diffuse fatty infiltration) appeared as increased hepatic echogenicity with a blurring of hepatic blood vessels. It is concluded that ketosis induced clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographical changes in lactating cows. Oxidant injury could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Alterations in biochemical parameters and hepatic ultrasonography with reference to oxidant injury in ketotic dairy cows