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Methylene blue (MB) is currently used to treat methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder. But because high concentrations of methylene blue were known to damage the brain, no one thought to experiment with low concentrations. The study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of methylene blue against scopolamine inducedamnesia in adult rats. Methylene blue (2 and 5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered separately or concurrently with scopolamine administration (1mg/kg, i.p). Results showed that scopolamine induced amnesia in passive avoidance task, increased the catalytic activity of total cholinesterase and decreased content of acetylcholine depressed the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Methylene blue dose-dependently inhibited the enzymatic activity of total cholinesterase and increased the acetylcholine content, increased GSH content and total antioxidant activity in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Concurrent treatment of MB dose-dependently minimized both amnesic and anti-cholinergic effect of scopolamine. The study indicated that MB could protect against the scopolamine effects at low doses through its enhancing effect on cholinergic pathways and anti-oxidative activities. Methylene blue with its neuroprotective effects and could thus act as disease modifiers in patients, slowing the progression of behavioral deterioration since acetylcholinesterases themselves could contribute to the degenerative process.

Neuroprotective Effects of Methylene Blue on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia via Anti-Cholinesterase and Anti-oxidative Activities in Adult Rat