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The present study aimed to explore the biochemical, hematological and histological effects of sleep deprivation and effect of aqueous extract of ginger and recovery sleep in rats. Adult male rats were sleep deprived for a period of 5 days using grid suspended over water method. Aqueous ginger extract (500 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 8 days, starting 3 days before sleep deprivation. Recovery sleep was allowed for two days. Sleep deprivation insignificantly increased corticosterone, significantly elevated levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, decreased levels of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (GSH) and depressed total antioxidant activity in blood plasma and heart. In addition, sleep deprivation increased level of total IgGs, elevated total count of leucocytes and differential (neutrophils and lymphocytes). Besides, sleep deprivation caused extravasations of Evan's blue dye in the brain tissues (brain cortex, midbrain and brain stem). Moreover, sleep deprivation induced histological abnormalities in cardiac tissue manifested as inflammation, hemorrhage and degeneration of cardiomyocytes. Ginger extract significantly offered protection against the harmful effects of sleep deprivation. Recovery sleep had a restorative effect of the normal levels of most tested parameters. The study indicated that sleep deprivation caused harmful effects independent of stress earnings, by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction leading to damage in the cardiac tissue and temporally breakdown in the blood brain barrier. It's worthy to note that ginger offered protection while recovery sleep had a restorative effect against sleep deprivation effects.

Ginger Mitigates Total Sleep Deprivation Adverse Effects: A Curative Effect of Recovery Sleep