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The present study aimed to estimate the serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare these levels to that estimated in patients with other autoimmune diseases and to control levels. The study included 50 patients with SLE underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Disease activity was determined according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI score; ≤4: inactive & >4: active disease). The study also included 30 patients with diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=15) and Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG, n=15) and 10 healthy volunteers as control group. All study participants gave blood samples for ELISA estimation of serum sTRAIL concentration. The Clinical evaluation of SLE patients defined 27 patients with inactive and 23 patients with active SLE with mean SLEDAI score of 2±0.2 and 9.96±0.63, respectively. Mean blood levels of C3 and C4 were significantly (p<0.001) decreased, while mean CRP level and anti-dsDNA antibodies levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with active SLE compared to those with inactive disease. Also, both total and differential leucocytic counts were significantly lower in patients with active compared to those with quiescent disease and 5 patients were neutropenic. Mean serum levels of sTRAIL were significantly higher in SLE patients, irrespective to the disease activity compared to serum levels estimated in controls (P1=0.005) and in RA and WG patients (P2 & P3=0.001). On contrary, serum sTRAIL levels estimated in RA and WG were non-significantly higher compared to control level (P1>0.05), also with a non-significantly higher levels in RA patients compared to levels estimated in WG patients (P2>0.005). Patients with inactive SLE had a significantly (P4=0.002) higher serum levels of sTRAIL compared to levels estimated in patients with active SLE. Serum sTRAIL showed a negative significant correlation with SLEDAI score and laboratory parameters of SLE activity. Conclusion: It could be concluded that TRAIL has a possible role in pathogenesis and initiation of activity of SLE and estimation of serum sTRAIL could be used as a specific marker for differentiation between SLE from other autoimmune diseases and between patients with active and inactive disease. Key wards: Systemic lupus erythematosus, serum, sTRAIL Bull. Egypt. Soc. Physiol. Sci. 28 (1) 2008 Abadier & Omran

A Possible Role of Serum Soluble TNF-related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus