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The aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum (EA) Linn was evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant efficiency as well as in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity to validate its use in traditional therapeutic medications. The activity of different doses of EA extract ( at 20 ug ,40 ug, 60 ug, 80 ug and 100 ug/ml) exerted in vitro significant antioxidant activity as it caused reducing power, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and inhibition properties. The in vivo study was performed on 50 male and female albino rats from the animal house of National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) weighing 150 250 grams. Normal animals were employed simultaneously with experimental groups. Rats were divided equally into five groups (G1 ) rats received saline as a normal for 4 weeks , (G 2) rats received orally CCl4 and were served as intoxicated control for 4 weeks,(G3) rats received both CCl4 and silymarin as a reference agent for 4 weeks ,(G4) rats received both CCl4 and EA (125 mg/kg b.w) for 4 weeks and (G5) received both CCl4 and EA (250 mg/kg b.w) for 4 weeks. It may be pointed out in the current study that antioxidant efficacy was reinforced by a significant hepatoprotection of EA (at 125 mg and 250 mg/kg b.w) displayed by decreasing the serum levels of alanine Transferase ( ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , as well as bilirubin (total, conjugated and unconjugated) ,cholesterol, triglycerides (T.G), Total proteins (T.P), albumin ( Alb) and carbonyl protein (PC) after treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), the two extracts also significantly increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdhyde MAD) levels of tissue in a dose dependant manner and increased superoxide anion radical (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxide (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST) levels. The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the two test extracts where assessed in vivo and in vitro where either of the two test extracts or silymarin exhibited marked hepatoprotection against the toxic dose of CCL4. The results obtained pointed out that EA could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and hepatoprotection. INTRODUCTION Several herbs and herbal products are known to possess antioxidant principles and may be useful as hepatoprotective agents (Fauconneau, et al., 1997; Sunitha et al., 2001, and Saleem et al., 2010). Herbs belonging to Euphorbiaceae were reported to have antioxidant principles like flavonoids and shown hepatoprotective properties (Trease and Evans, 2001 and Lanthers et al., 1991). Euphorbia antiquorum is a large shrub or small tree growing throughout the hotter parts of Az. J. Pharm Sci. Vol. 45, March, 2012 138 the world. The juice of the plant is acrid, anti inflammatory, purgative and is useful in rheumatic diseases, dropsy, gout, neuropathy, deafness, cough (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975). The juice, which flows from the branches, is a popular application to wart and other cutaneous affections (Vaidyaratnam and Vaidyasala, 1995). Isolated compounds from the plant include euphol, antiquol, euphorbol, isohelinol, camelliol (Akihisa et al., 2005). Preliminary photochemical investigation showed the presence of triterpenes and flavonoids, both of which are reported to possess hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity (Sunitha et al., 2001). Since, liver is a very vital system involved in the body metabolic activities, chemical reactions in the liver may generate several reactive species like free radicals .These reactive species form covalent bond with the lipid of the tissue. In that respect, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of such hazardous chemical which induces hepatopathy through membrane lipid peroxidation by its free radical derivative, (CCl3 · , CCl3O2 · ). Excessive production of the reactive species manifests in tissue thiol depletion, lipid peroxidation, plasma membrane damage etc., culminating into severe hepatic injury (Chrungoo et al., 1997). It may be pointed out that pharmacological profile of the plant is not completely established. Therefore, the present study was designed with an aim to assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. (EA), against carbon tetrachloride CCl4 induced liver hazards. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-Chemicals: all chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma –Aldrich Chemicals Co. (St.Louis ,MO,USA) 2-Plant material and extract preparation: Aerial parts of Euphorbia antiquorum (EA ) were shredded dried, ground to coarse powder and subjected to successive extraction by using three different solvents in an increasing order of their polarity (pet. ether, CHCl3 and methanol) in soxhlet apparatus, until the eluent became colorless and then macerated with chloroform: water (3 : 1). The chloroform layer was dried under reduced pressure. In the meantime, the aqueous layer extracted was then dried under reduced pressure at a yield of 15% (w/w). From this extract, on evaporation of water in vacuum, a brown colored substance was obtained which was kept at 4 0 C until use. Both extract layers were subjected to the following preliminary photochemical tests (quality control methods), These tests included FCl3, TLC, GLC and UV (Merill, 1977). All the tests reveal that the plant posses steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Since aqueous extract has polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids, this extract was selected for further study. 3 -Experimental Design

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFICIENCY OF EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM AS ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE AGAINST CCL4 – HEPATIC HAZARDS IN RATS.