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This study aimed to: evaluate the biocompatibility of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) versus Biodentine and Retro MTA extracts at three observation periods (24h, 48h, and 72h) using MTT-Essay.Methods: 72 wells in three culture insert plates were used in this study. MTA, Biodentine and Retro MTA cements were evaluated in a fresh state. Cells at passage four of human periodontal ligament cells were included in this study. After cells preparation and culturing, an extract of the three tested materials was prepared and cultured with the complete media in addition to 1×104 cells were implanted into each well 24 h earlier and incubated in a stem cell incubator. MTT assay was used to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity, calculated the viable cells by hundred percent using ELISA system and the inverted light microscope used to reassure their confluence. After three different storage times (24h, 48h, and 72h) evaluation of cell viability was done after exposure to the material extract. Results: MTA and Biodentine cement showed no statistically significant differences in all the observation periods. But Retro MTA cement resulted in a statistically significant difference in all the observation periods but none of them below the cut level. All the materials extract resulted in a statistically significant increase in cytotoxicity at 24h and then decrease at 48h and finally a little increase in cytotoxicity at 72h. Conclusions: All the tested materials showed low cytotoxicity and are comparable to the old standard MTA.

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Three Biocompatible and Bioactive Retrofilling Materials Using Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In-Vitro Study