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In recent decades, gender issues have attracted the attention of researchers in areas of knowledge such as education, medicine, management, sports, among others. However, in the chess universe, there is a considerable number of studies that address cognitive issues, but few speak about the difference between genders. In addition, there are far more male than female players. However, chess is a sport that demands high intellectual performance and does not involve physical strength. Based on these premises, this study aims to verify if it is still pertinent today the division between the female and absolute category in chess tournaments, from the perspective of Neuroscience. Therefore, a review of the literature was carried out in which the scientific articles were searched through Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Scielo databases and the keywords used were chess, gender, neuroscience, psychology and woman in three languages, Portuguese, English and Spanish. The coverage period began from the first surveys with chess in 1894 until the most recent articles of 2018. Through this review, it was clarified the existence of a greater number of male players, as well as the existence of differences in the neurobiological bases between the sexes. However, these are morphological and structural differences and should not be extended to brain functioning, since they do not bring relevance or difference in cognitive performance. Faced with this, biological factors do not support the difference between the sexes in chess, and attention must be paid to 1 Especialista em Neurociência e Psicologia Aplicada, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, crisfiusa@gmail.com 2 Doutora em Distúrbios do desenvolvimento, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, marilialira@gmail.com

CATEGORIA FEMININA EM XEQUE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A CATEGORIA FEMININA EM TORNEIOS DE XADREZ