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Using the example of the utilities sector, this article describes a type of activity of public entities which interferes significantly with the market. A wide understanding of State aid has this consequence that it thus extends to actions which ostensibly are legal but in practice cause significant violations of competition at the cost of, and to the detriment of, private business entities operating in the market. This is the case, for example, when public entities (authorities) carry out commercial activities through commercial entities, eg companies. The practice described in the article and the above-mentioned decisions as taken by the said Polish authorities show that with regard to certain situations and behaviours regarding State aid the other competitors in the market may be left unprotected. There is a thesis that in Poland new and in principle clandestine practices have developed of State aid/support which have a very intensive indirect impact on the market.  Keywords: market; clandestine forms of State aid; intervention; Poland; public utilities

Local and Clandestine Forms of State Aid and Gradual Curtailing Based on Practices in Poland's Public Utilites Market