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Water saturation is among important petrophysical properties of rock used to assess the initial hydrocarbon in an exploration well. This paper studies five formations from the main limestone carbonate reservoir belong to an exploration field located in the northern part of Iraq. Additionally, we review water saturation models to choose the best one to this exploration field. There are several techniques of water saturation determination applied to estimate reservoir quality. Archie equation is considered one of these techniques; however, applying this model in shale formation gives errors in water saturation estimation. Three different models of water saturation, Simandoux, Indonesian, and Modified Simandoux, were chosen to estimate water saturation in shale beds. Our results demonstrated that the water saturation obtained from the Archie equation is higher than all other models. Furthermore, the Indonesian water saturation model is higher than Simandoux and Modified Simandoux water saturation models. The outcome of the Simandoux and Modified Simandoux were lower than those of Archie and Indonesian models. The accuracy of the water saturation model is evaluated by tends to be close to that of Archie water saturation model is considered negative. The reason is there are no production test results or saturation data from core analysis. The lowest average of water saturation is found in Simandoux and Modified Simandoux models. Depending on water saturation value, the good positive model is modified Simandoux or Simandoux model due to its lowest average value of water saturation. Besides, it can be used for further reservoir studies.

Comparative estimation of water saturation in carbonate reservoir: A case study of northern Iraq