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Traditionally, the term antibiotic refers to bactericides and bacteriostatics, that is, substances produced by microorganisms that, at low concentrations, respectively, kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, but cause little or no host damage (1, 14, 27, 33). These days, the application of cells in research laboratories, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological productions is growing extensively (9). Cells are used in wide-ranging activities, from studies on cell proliferation to the production of biologically active substances (11, 21). Antibiotics of the beta-lactam (penicillin) and aminoglycoside (streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin) groups are widely used to reduce bacterial contamination risks in cell cultures (32). In addition, tylosin, tiamutin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin have been used therapeutically as approximately 5-35% intense mycoplasmas contaminations in cell cultures (8, 17, 18, 21, 32). Tulathromycin belongs to a new class of triamilide macrolides. Its 15-membered ring comprising of 3 polar amine groups distinguishes it from other macrolides (13, 30). This semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin is used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. The therapeutic success of tulathromycin is partially attributed to its pharmacodynamic concentration in the appropriate tissues and low inhibitory concentrations against various bacterial pathogens (7, 16, 30). Tulathromycin has a high affinity for uptake within bovine neutrophils. The antimicrobial properties of tulathromycin alone cannot fully explain its effectiveness in clearing the infection and inflammation associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and recent observations support the hypothesis that the drug may promote the resolution of inflammation (28, 29) via mechanisms that are not fully understood (10). 1) This project was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM/HSGYAD/15/ A02/P02/58). We thank Dr. M. Uğur Nuraloğlu, Ömer Şişman, and Ayşenur Ulusoy for their contributions to this project. Toxicity level of the tulathromycin on BHK cell culture and the effect on infective titers of foot and mouth disease viruses1)