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Aflatoxin (AF) is a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fungi that is classified according to the following categories: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 (9, 17). AFM1, as a 4-hydroxy metabolite of AFB1, has been classified as a carcinogen II (3). AFM1 has strong carcinogenicity and mutagenicity and is the most toxic AF after AFB1 (20). It can cause liver necrosis, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and kidney tumors (28). AFM1 is a common aflatoxin in milk and dairy products, and it enters cow milk mainly through the consumption by cows of feed contaminated with AFB1 (26). There is a wide variation in AFM1 levels among milk and other dairy products in different geographical regions (12, 21). Compared to the extensive study of the toxicities and metabolism of AFB1, there is limited data on the potential risk of exposure to AFM1 from milk and other dairy products and on the metabolism, toxicity, and transport of this molecule, particularly in dairy cows. Tight junctions (TJs) between bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are a natural barrier against AF after ingestion of contaminated food. TJs between adjacent epithelial cells, which are composed of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1, linked adhesion molecules, and occludin, form an effective barrier (1, 6). In epithelial tissues, the initial toxic effects of some substances have a direct effect on molecules involved in junction complexes. Because the dynamic structure of TJs can respond rapidly to several physiological and pathological stimuli, modulation of the barrier properties is often reflected by changes in specific TJ protein components. Because of its low molecular weight, AFM1, after ingestion, can cross the cytomembrane into cells by a passive mechanism (30). However, previous studies have demonstrated that AFB1 is secreted into milk through ABCG2 transport in murine mammary epithelial cells (8). Because the ligand transported by ABCG2 has many similarities to AFM1, AFM1, as a metabolite of AFB1, may also be carried by the transporter ABCG2 (24, 25). 1) This study was supported by Project of the Ministry of the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province of China (Project No. UNPYSCT-2016147). Investigation of the transport of aflatoxin M1 by the transporter ABCG2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells1)