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Breeding calves is a crucial and sensitive management issue in dairy farms. The control of calves’ metabolic status, milk feeding and feed consumption is equally important for the health and productivity of dairy herds. For this reason, it is very important to apply proper methods of nutrition in order to enhance the growth, immunity, and health of dairy calves (2). At birth, a calf is considered to be a functional monogastric because its rumen is undeveloped and incapacitated; especially papillary growth, rumen wall absorption surface and muscularization are very limited. The period of transition from a pre-ruminant to a ruminant is critical and vital and can be influenced by feeding management. Hence, the suckling period for young ruminants represents the time of life when dairy animals are most at risk of a number of health problems and even death. Calf morbidity and mortality are important indicators of the health status of a herd (29). The rate of calf mortality varies considerably among farms, depending on calf rearing standards in particular countries. Several authors report calf loss rates in different countries: in Turkey in 2017, the calf mortality rate was high at 15%. The mortality rate for live born dairy calves up to 1 year of age amounted to 10.7% in Korea (13), 6.9-7.8% in the United States (42), and 4.6% in Norway (10). A survey reported a mortality rate of 14.5% from birth to first calving in the United Kingdom (5) and Effects of Macleaya cordata extract supplementation in milk on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and a number of selected bacterial groups of the recto-anal microbiota of calves

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Effects of Macleaya cordata extract supplementation in milk on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and a number of selected bacterial groups of the recto-anal microbiota of calves