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The human oral microbiota consists of 500 to 700 common oral species of bacteria (19, 9). Nearly 300 bacterial species have been isolated and named belonging to several phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Chlamydiae, and Spirochaetes (26). Molecular methods using 16S rRNA studies identified approximately 600 species or phylotypes (24). When oral microbiota is balanced its presence in the oral cavity is protective against local and systemic diseases. Since oral microbiota is influenced by many factors, such as underlying diseases, food, pH, aging etc., they can lead to normal microbiota being replaced by etiological agents of pathological processes (15). Some of the members of oral cavity microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp., play a role in the etiology of caries, others are important in the etiology of gingivitis and various paradontopathies, and even in various types of oral pyogenic processes, such as abscess and osteomyelitis (9). In addition, oral cavity microorganisms have been shown to cause a number of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (6), ischemic stroke (16), pregnancy complications such as preterm birth (22), diabetes (11), and pneumonia (3). In traditional medicine, medicinal herbs are used in balancing oral microbiota (13). In the present study, we investigated the inhibition properties of 16 plant ethanol extracts against standard strains of cariogenic bacteria: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and bacteria involved in paradontopathy: Actinomyces odontolyticus (A. odontolyticus), Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum). Ethanol extracts were made from medicinal plants often used in Serbian ethnomedicine.

Inhibitory effects of different medicinal plants on growth of some oral microbiome member