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Doppler ultrasound has recently emerged as one of the main innovations in cattle practice and has mainly  found application in the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion (LBF). LBF has been evaluated during different  phases of the oestrous cycle, but the technique is poorly standardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate  visual and quantitative changes of size of corpus luteum (CL) and LBF in dairy cattle during an oestrous cycle  at 2 follicular waves using colour flow mode (CFM) and power flow mode (PFM) doppler ultrasound. Ten  Friesian cows were selected and synchronized. The CL was evaluated at 3/4-day intervals until the next oestrus  onset. After identifying the spiral luteal artery entry at the base of the CL, multiple scans of the vertical plane  at the maximum diameter of the CL from the apex to the base were recorded in B-mode, CFM and PFM for  each cow and session. An Esaote Mylab vet 30 gold was employed with the following setting: pulse repetition  frequency 2.1 (CFM) or 2.8 (PFM), gain 70%. The real area of CL (RACL) was calculated subtracting the  area of the eventual inner cavity. The LBF was quantified off-line by means of a visual score and of an image  analysis system (Digimizer 4.1). Student and Anova tests were used for statistical analysis. Data were presented  as means and standard deviations. There were significant individual variations for the RACL and LBF when  calculated in CFM. PFM minimized these variations, although, at day 15-16, it was also affected by individual  factors (p &lt; 0.01). The combined study of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle distinguished 3 phases:  a phase of CL formation (3-4 days) with LBF of 0.3 ± 0.3 cm2 on a RACL of 3.1 ± 0.9 cm2, a central phase (7-16  days) with LBF of 0.7 ± 0.4 cm2 on a RACL of 4.8 ± 0.8 cm2 and a regression phase (19-20 days) with a minimum  LBF of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm2 in a CL of 3.3 ± 0.6 cm2. According to this study, there is no significant difference of LBF  from 7 to 16 days of the oestrus cycle; although the RACL significantly changes in this period, the dimensional  variations are too thin to be clinically appreciated. However, this study contributed to defining the values of  RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle of dairy cattle.

Doppler sonography of the corpus luteum during the oestrus cycle in dairy cows