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There is a growing interest in exotic pets worldwide. One of them is the African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). Hedgehogs are member of the order Eulipotyphla, nocturnal, solitary animals (19). The majority of the scientific and clinical-based knowledge about hedgehogs and their diseases come from North America (2, 4, 7, 8, 15, 17) and Asia (13, 14, 16) but there are also European reports (9, 11). In the last two decades, the number of scientific papers about diseases in pet hedgehogs increased. Neoplasms and Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome (WHS) seem to be frequently reported causes of death (2, 4, 7-9, 11-13, 16). WHS and neoplasms of the central nervous system are hard to diagnose in living animals, which makes diagnostic procedures harder. However, other diseases involving respiratory, digestive and cardiac systems were also reported (2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 17). The main goal of the review was to summarize current knowledge, which is not comprehensive, see if there are any predisposing factors that can be eliminated to increase the lifespan of the hedgehogs and propose possible diagnostic procedures. Neoplasms and WHS with a prevalence (in the USA) of 29% to 51.5% (8) and 10% (7), respectively, are the main reported causes of death in pet hedgehogs. WHS is a neurologic, incurable, progressive disease of the African Pygmy Hedgehog. A similar, if not the same disease was reported in European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Those hedgehogs also had lesions in central nervous system: demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, but there was also an inflammatory response in meninges, which was absent in hedgehogs with WHS (15). So far WHS can be diagnosed only by post-mortem examination of samples from central nervous system (CNS). Neoplasms of CNS with a prevalence of 1.6% (12) were reported with clinical symptoms very similar to those occurring in WHS (2, 4, 9, 11-13). In patients with both WHS and CNS neoplasms diagnosed by post-mortem examination, the symptoms included ataxia, hindlimb paresis, falling to one side paralysis, seizures with dysphagia in late stages of the disease. Moreover, the average age of animals in both cases was similar: 2.5 to 3.5 years. Both CNS neoplasms and WHS showed tendencies to occur in family lines, which may suggests inherited factor linked with the disease (7, 16). The primary histologic lesions of hedgehogs with WHS were status spongiosus of the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem, myelin loss and degeneration (2, 7), and as reported in European Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome (WHS): a review of knowledge and some practical suggestions about differential diagnosis