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The European bison (Bison bonasus) is the largest mammal in Europe. Restitution of the European bison population was carried out in the Białowieża Primeval Forest by several generations of biologists, veterinary surgeons, foresters and scientists. In 1963, the first five animals (four cows and one bull) of the Lowland-Caucasian line were brought to the Bieszczady Mountains from enclosures in Pszczyna and Niepołomice. All individuals, placed in a quarantine enclosure in the forest district Stuposiany, were released into the natural environment in 1964. Since that time, the population of European bison increased and reached 550 individuals in 2018 (18). Parasitic infections are one of the most important factors affecting health and the condition of wild ruminants, including European bison. Gastrointestinal nematodes, lung nematodes and liver flukes should be considered as the most common and pathogenic parasites of European bison (3). Parasitofauna of European bison as well as prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections were well described in Białowieża Primeval Forest, where parasitological studies have been conducted for 100 years (5, 7, 8, 11-13, 21). Parasitological monitoring was also performed in the Knyszyńska and Borecka Forest, inhabited by free-living wisent populations (4, 6). The last studies of parasites of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains have been performed in the years 1997-2000 and concerned the examination of few abomasa (9, 10). However, no current data about parasitological monitoring of animals from this area is available. The aim of our study was to determine the current level of parasitic infections in European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains on the basis of long-term examination of faecal samples. Parasitological monitoring of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains