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The aim of this paper is to present the historical outline and evolution of the caesarean section in mares and  to compare it with other forms of foal delivery assistance. In recent years, the procedure has been developing  and changing very dynamically, but it has been used for over a century. The first reports of such operations  appeared simultaneously with the introduction of laparotomy into clinical practice, and the procedure was  performed in subsequent periods from various approaches depending on the preferences and knowledge of  clinicians: from the left or right flank, on the Marcenac line, the midline or the paramedian. Over the years,  caesarean section has gained considerable popularity, becoming in many cases the method of choice rather than  the last resort, which was unquestionably facilitated by new medicines, operation techniques and materials  used in clinical practice. Because of a significant change in the breeding profile of horses, as well as a very  dynamic development of veterinary medicine, the goals, conditions and risks associated with caesarean section  are considerably different from what they were a few decades ago.

medycyna weterynaryjna

Caesarean section in mares: Historical outline of the treatment, its evolution and prospects compared with other techniques of foal delivery assistance