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Goat breeding is an important livestock industry in areas without suitable pastures, in macquis groves, and in mountainous regions of Turkey. One of essential components of goat breeding is to rear healthy offspring every year and to maintain the sustainability of the flock. Abortions that cannot be avoided are the biggest problem of goat breeding (30, 31). In goats, abortion is the loss of foetus at any time of gestation, and it usually occurs in the last 2 months of pregnancy. Various stress factors, nutritional disorders, poisonings, hormonal disorders, genetic factors, and infectious agents are major causes of abortion. Infectious agents are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa (31). According to the classical literature, the most important abortifacient protozoon in small ruminants is Toxoplasma gondii. Recent research, however, indicates that N. caninum may also be significant (30, 39). Neospora caninum is a tissue-dwelling parasitic protozoon in the phylum Apicomplexa. Canidae are both the final and intermediate hosts of the parasite, while ruminants are intermediate hosts. In the domestic cycle of N. caninum, the most important final and intermediate hosts are dogs and cows, respectively. Disease can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically. In the horizontal transmission, dogs are infected by eating the bradyzoite-contaminated meat of intermediate hosts, whereas the intermediate hosts are infected by oral uptake of water or food contaminated with sporulated oocysts. In pregnancy, vertical transmission occurs in two ways: as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous transplacental transmission results from the reactivation of an existing persistent infection within a cow and leads to the birth of a persistently infected calf. Exogenous transplacental transmission, on the other hand, is the infection of a cow with oocysts, which leads to abortion (17, 39, 44). Epidemic, endemic and sporadic abortions occur in infected cattle (32). Furthermore, early foetal deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal mortalities occur due to foetopahtic effects of the parasite. Foetal deaths result in economic losses due to increased calving intervals and delayed lactation. In addition, increased culling of valuable stock and decreased value of herds with high prevalence rates are considered as important problems for animal breeding (38). 1) This study was supported by the Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Cukurova University as project TSA-2017-8036, and a part of this study was presented orally at International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress (IMSEC 2017). Investigation of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and disease-related risk factors in goats1)