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Melatonin is involved in regulating the functions of the central and autonomic nervous systems, endocrine organs, the immune system and their daily rhythmic activity (3-5). Hypoxia causes a complex restructuring of the functioning of various body systems, which is aimed at ensuring the delivery of the required amount of oxygen to the tissues (6-8). Adaptation to hypoxia has a significant effect on the central nervous system, central hemodynamics, microcirculation in various organs, oxygen metabolism, free radical lipid oxidation, the main enzymes of detoxification systems and immunity (23, 24). Hypoxia causes a wide range of pathogenic, mutational and adaptive-compensatory changes at the level of various systems. Such changes in prenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis are essential for the survival of the organism, as well as for the formation of various behavioral responses. Stress, such as hypoxia, various physical activities and the effect of light exposure, are one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine and biology (1, 2). It is known that acute or chronic effects of stressors on the mammalian organism often lead to various forms of metabolic disorders (1, 2, 9-12). In particular, stress (hypoxia, physical exercise and photoperiodism) is accompanied by changes in the production of insulin and glucagon, the synthesis of glucose and melatonin, and consequently, a change in adrenaline (3, 7). There are few data on the relationship between central/peripheral innervation and the photoregulation of the pineal gland (5, 21). The pineal gland is assumed to receive central innervation from the epithalamic region as a reaction to stress (22). Melatonin forms then in pineal cells on the background of fasting and in constant light (36). If sympathetic nerve fibers release less norepinephrine (12-15), melatonin forms in greater amounts, indicating a possible role of non-adrenergic innervations, which takes place without a direct participation of adrenergic fibers in the process of regulating the response of the pineal gland to stressors (16-19). Nature has provided living organisms with a device capable of perceiving light and transforming it into signals that control bodily rhythms. The central part of this device is the upper appendage of the brain, the epiphysis, or the pineal gland (32, 34, 37). Its main Melatonin, insulin and adrenaline in the blood of rabbit kits that survived prenatal hypoxia: Hormone dynamics at physical exertion