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In dogs, as in humans, anemia is one of the most common clinical manifestations. One of the most common causes of anemia in both humans and dogs is iron deficiency (14). Gastrointestinal bleedings, ectoparasites, and inadequate iron intake with food are the main causes of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA is seen more frequently in suckling kids because, although iron demand during the rapid growth period is high, young animals have low iron stores and milk is also low in iron (18). Since these types of anemia develop slowly, clinical signs may not be observed until anemia is significantly advanced. Prominent thrombocytosis in humans with iron deficiency has been reported, but its cause has not been fully understood (8). Thrombocytosis is classified in two major categories: as essential or reactive (13). Essential thrombocytosis, also called clonal thrombocytosis, is a type of chronic myeloproliferative disorder. In this case, the bone marrow produces too many platelets. Secondary thrombocytosis, or reactive thrombocytosis, occurs due to secondary causes, such as infection, inflammation, tissue damage, hemolysis, severe exercise, malignancy, or hyposplenism (3). The diagnosis and treatment of reactive thrombocytosis due to anemia in humans are quite different from those of clonal thrombocytosis. Therefore, a number of studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of thrombocytosis due to anemia in humans (10, 20). Marchetti et al. (11) reports that dogs with chronic enteropathy have anemia, and some of these anemic dogs also have thrombocytosis. Reactive thrombocytosis has also been reported in dogs with chronic blood loss (6). However, as far as we know, there have been no studies investigating directly the relationship between anemia and thrombocytosis in dogs. As already mentioned, anemia is one of the most common clinical Relationship between anemia, iron deficiency, and platelet production in dogs