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The aim of the study is to present current knowledge on the mechanisms regulating puberty in mares and  the possibility of shortening the intergenerational period in horses through modern animal reproduction  biotechnology. The study discusses fetal sex recognition in horses by means of ultrasound, pre- and postnatal  development of mare gonads, oogenesis and folliculogenesis, as well as the process of selection and elimination  of oocytes. It also describes the role of gonadotropins, ovarian hormonal activity and morphological changes  occurring during sexual maturation. It has been shown that about 37% of mares attain sexual maturity in the  first year of life. It has also been documented that one-year and two-year-old fillies produce normal embryos  that can be used for transplantation and give offspring. It has also been proved that embryos can be produced  in vitro from oocytes of juvenile mares. There is hope that acquiring preantral follicles from the ovary and  their in vitro culture until the oocyte reaches full maturity for fertilization will permit us to obtain embryos and  offspring from mares, including those sexually immature. These methods, combined with in vitro fertilization  and embryo transfer techniques, have already made it possible to obtain normal embryos and even live-born  offspring in other mammals.

Sexual maturity of mares and prospects for shortening the intergenerational period in horses