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Intraocular pressure (IOP) is defined as the balance between aqueous humor production and drainage (3, 20). Assessment of IOP is important for the diagnosis and management of ophthalmic diseases in animals (29). Increased IOP triggers optic nerve degeneration and retinal ganglion cell dysfunction (29), which results in permanent blindness in some chronic ocular diseases, such as glaucoma (20). Glaucoma is associated with severe ocular pain and is one of the most common causes of ocular enucleation in dogs (33). In North America, the incidence of primary and secondary glaucoma in the total dog population was reported as 0.80% and 0.89%, respectively (6). More than 42 canine breeds were also reported to be predisposed to primary glaucoma (33). IOP measurements are performed by manometric and tonometric methods. Manometry, that is, direct cannulation of eyeballs, is accepted as a gold standard in IOP measurement, but, due to its invasiveness, it is not a preferable technique in clinical practice. Therefore, for human and animal IOP measurement practices, tonometric (indirect) methods are more frequently applied. For this purpose, a number of tonometers operating by different principles, namely, identification (e.g. Schiotz tonometer), applanation (e.g. pneumatograph, Goldmann, Mackay-Marg, Tono-Pen) and rebound (TonoVet®, TonoLab®) have been developed (35). Nowadays, applanation and rebound tonometers are widely used. The principle of operation of the applanation tonometer is based on the force required to flatten the curvature of the corneal surface (21). However, such factors as the central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, corneal Measurement of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet®)

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Measurement of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet®)