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Aphanomyces astaci is an oomycete also known as water mould. Oomycetes are a group of filamentous, unicellular heterokonts, which are fungus-like in their growth form and adsorption and formation of spores, but also relatively closely related to photosynthetic algae (11). A. astaci may occur in three forms: mycelium, cysts and swimming zoospores (3, 12). Depending on crayfish species the pathogen can cause the lethal state called crayfish plague that can lead to 100% mortality in infected animals. The clinical signs in infected crayfish are non-specific and difficult to identify, particularly since the characteristic symptoms of infection are visible only in the end-stage of crayfish plague disease. A characteristic sign of crayfish plague includes the appearance of brown-red spots on the muscles under the cuticula, while the main infection sites are located within tissues of the abdomen, limb joints, gills, telson and eyes. At the final stages of the infection, signs of neurotoxicity (behavioural changes) are also observed, mainly as an increase in the diurnal activity or leaving water reservoirs and entering land, physiological changes such as loss of movement coordination, increasing paralysis and even autotomy (dropping limbs). The external sign of infection are the visible hyphae of the thallus emerging from areas of soft epidermis such as joints or eyestalks (2). Transmission of A. astaci can occur via different routes (13). It can also spread through direct contact with highly infected or asymptomatic crayfish individuals, or via ingestion of infected food, such as fish feeding on infected crayfish (12). The possibility of transmission of crayfish plague via direct contact with infected fish was observed based on the presence of A. astaci on scales (4), but also on equipment that had been in contact with contaminated water (1). In Europe, there are five indigenous crayfish species: the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), the narrowclawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), the Caspian crayfish (Astacus pachypus), the white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) and the stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) (19). The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and the Danube crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) represent the indigenous fauna of Poland Detection of Aphanomyces astaci in spiny-cheek crayfish from selected water reservoirs of north-western Poland