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Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an important vector-borne disease in dogs worldwide. Ehrlichia canis, a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium is the etiological agent of the disease and is transmitted to dogs by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (28). Infection may result in acute, subclinical, or chronic stages of the disease with a variety of clinical and laboratory symptoms. The acute stage mostly presents with fever, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, lymphadenomegaly, hemorrhagic disorders, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis or leukopenia. Dogs may recover from the acute stage with treatment, remain subclinically infected, or progress to a chronic stage with more severe symptoms than acute findings (15, 33). Oxidative imbalances may occur in the organism as the disease progresses. Oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation has been shown in dogs with CME because of free-radical activity and an impaired antioxidant system (2, 8, 36). Paraoxonase (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) are esterase enzymes with antioxidant properties in a complementary structure. PON-1 shows a structure that binds to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL from oxidative stress by contributing to the destruction of organophosphorus compounds, such as paraoxone and lipid peroxidation products (11). In humans, PON-1 has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of many diseases (23). Besides being a biomarker of the antioxidant status, PON-1 is also evaluated as a negative acute phase protein in humans and dogs (31, 33). Decreased activity of PON-1 in leishmaniasis, babesiosis, acute pancreatitis, enteritis, and CME in dogs has been reported (16, 17, 19, 24, 31, 33, 39). Dogs are reservoir hosts for a wide spectrum of vector-borne pathogens (9, 28). Although dogs may be infected with a single pathogen, multiple vector-borne diseases can occur sequentially or simultaneously when dogs are exposed to vectors infected with different organisms (4). Co-infections with vector-borne 1) This study was partially summarized from the project funded by Adnan Menderes University Research Projects Funding Unit with project number VTF-16003. Oxidative status and lipid profile in monoand co-infection with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis1)

Oxidative status and lipid profile in mono- and co-infection with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis