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Small ruminants are seasonally polyestrous, and reproductive activities are related to the prolongation or shortening of daylight. In sheep and goats, sexual cycles start in the autumn months, when daylight is shortened, and these animals do not show estrus outside the breeding season. This period is called the anestrous season in small ruminants (14). Progestagens are effectively used in the control and synchronization of estrus in sheep and goats. Negative and positive feed-back expressions of progestagens are used in estrus synchronization. Especially during the non-breeding season, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injections are performed in addition to progestagens applied for 12-14 d to obtain a high estrus rate and ovulation (2, 13, 18). Ovulation can occur 48-72 h after eCG injections (17, 26). Of course, the success of this type of manipulation may depend on nutrition, body condition score, lactation, age, heat, light, and breed (11, 13). Selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit E), which are reported to have different effects on reproduction, can be applied to maintain health of the reproductive flock. Especially in the case of sheep fed in pasture, it has been found that the combination of estrus synchronization with Se and Vit E supplementation may increase the fertility rate (3, 16). Se and Vit E protect biological membranes against oxidative degeneration and are an essential component of glutathione peroxidase (15, 20). It has been reported that intravaginal progesterone sources used for estrus synchronization in farm animals cause an increase in oxidative stress parameters (19, 21, 25). Therefore, it has been reported that antioxidants can be applied in addition to the synchronization protocols in order to protect against oxidative damage and to increase fertility rates (25). This study was aimed at determining the effect of barium selenate injections on fertility parameters, such as the estrus rate, onset of estrus, pregnancy rate, Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season