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Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, G. lamblia), an endemic and enteric flagellated protozoan parasite, has commonly been encountered in humans and animals worldwide (30). The prevalence rates for Giardia infection in dogs and cats may change depending on the population, area, diagnostic method, and health status of the animal and is commonly distibuted from 5% to 15% (31). Higher levels of infection, up to 100%, have been reported in younger dogs housed in kennels, breeding operations, and research facilities (2). Giardia infections in dogs are not usually accompanied by clinical signs, although giardiasis may cause anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, vomiting and enteritis with acute or chronic diarrhea (31). Diarrhea is mainly caused by intestinal malabsorption and hypersecretion (8). Younger or immunosuppressed animals have been reported to be more susceptible to disease (12). The role of dogs as a source of human giardiasis seems to be unclear: several reports are divergent about the zoonotic potential. Epidemiological and molecular studies revealed that G. duodenalis is composed by at least seven assemblages (A to G). Genotypes of assemblages A and B are mainly known to infect humans (2, 18). Assemblages C and D were determined as speciesspecific to dogs (30). However, DNA of assemblages A and B were also described in dogs (25). The high prevalence rates, undesirable clinical findings, and potential zoonotic risk warrant suitable treatment of giardiasis in dogs. Although there is no approved veterinary drug on the market, several compounds such as drugs in the nitroimidazole (1, 16) and benzimidazole class (4, 5), febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel combinations (3), azithromycin (35), silymarin (10) have reported effectiveness in reducing the level of cyst shedding and clinical signs. Metronidazole seems to be the first line drug for the treatment of giardiasis by most of veterinary clinicians (31). Albeit it has been concluded that controlled studies are lacking and administration of metronidazole has been associated with central nervous system toxicity in dogs (11, 17). Moreover, inefficacy of metronidazole is commonly reported in the treatment of giardiasis, and reinfection has been compromised as the most common cause of treatment failure (29). Moreover, there is an increasing number of treatment failures reported in human medicine (14). Thus, both veterinary and human medicine are seeking new therapeutic options. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline compound Chloroquine treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs*)