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Therapeutic success rates in treating subclinical and clinical mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus are marginal. Sub-effective concentrations in milk and/or insufficient contact time with the affected mammary tissue are common causes for antibiotic failure (26). While parenteral enrofloxacin preparations are not usually recommended to treat bovine mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, high milk concentrations of enrofloxacin and its main metabolite (ciprofloxacin) are reached and maintained after parenteral administration (14). However, it must be considered that actual antibacterial activity can be partly impaired by the presence of milk and inflammatory secretions (10). It is then likely to consider that higher concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin can improve clinical efficacy. This has been suggested when treating mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in sheep by means of parenteral administration of enrofloxacin (2). Intramammary administration may overcome the problem of insufficient concentrations of enrofloxacin in mammary tissue. However, this administration route is not recommended for standard preparations of enrofloxacin. A thorough search of the available literature revealed that enrofloxacin has been administered through the intramammary route on only few occasions i.e., combined with gentamicin in an undisclosed vehicle or dose (15). However, to the best of our knowledge, no commercial preparations Serum and milk concentrations of enrofloxacin in cows intramammarily treated with a new enrofloxacin-polymorph1)