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Colostrum is the first discharge of the mammary glands of female mammals and the first food that contains all components ensuring normal growth and development of the newborn organism. It contains over 250 bioactive components (10, 13, 35). These include, for instance, growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II, TGF-β, EGF, TNF-α, VEGF), immunoglobulins, leukocytes, lactoperoxidases, lysozyme, lactenins, hormones, enzymes, nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, pantothenic and folic acids, vitamins, and mineral compounds (19, 35). The composition of colostrum varies over time after parturition, and hour by hour contains decreasing levels of immunoglobulins, growth factors, hormones, and other components. In terms of bioactivity, colostrum produced by cows within 12 hours after parturition is most valuable (18, 35). Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the bioactive components of colostrums: it represents glycoproteins from the family of transferrins with a molecular mass of 80 kDa. One of its functions in the organism is involvement in iron metabolism. Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the most frequently bound ions, although lactoferrin can also bind Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ ions. Lactoferrin’s concentration is in the range of 4-5 g/L in bovine colostrum, 0.2-1 g/L in bovine milk, and 1-4 mg/mL in human milk (4, 22, 35). It is also present in other body fluids such as Densitometric, tomographic and mechanical parameters of the female Wistar rat skeletal system after lactoferrin and colostrum treatment in the condition of gonadectomy-induced osteopenia

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Densitometric, tomographic and mechanical parameters of the female Wistar rat skeletal system after lactoferrin and colostrum treatment in the condition of gonadectomy-induced osteopenia