English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Collection of honey bee drone semen is time consuming. For this reason, in mass production honey bee queens are usually inseminated with small doses of semen. Naturally mated queens store in their spermatheca 4 to 7 million sperm cells (5). Therefore, well inseminated instrumentally queens should have also at least 4 million spermatozoa. However Wilde (11) did not observe any differences in the strength of colonies during the entire season and honey production on the brood area and productivity in the colonies with instrumentally inseminated queens with a dose of 8, 4 and only 2 μl of semen. The higher the dose of semen, the higher the number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca but the dose of 8 μl is sufficient (14, 15). However, Bieńkowska et al. (1) received significantly more spermatozoa in queens inseminated with 3, 4 and 6 μl of semen than with 8 μl. Double insemination is more effective. Queens inseminated once have less sperms than those inseminated twice with the same divided dose of semen (1, 9, 14, 15). Gąbka (6) stated that queens inseminated once with 10 μl of semen have similar number of sperms in their spermatheca as those inseminated with 2 × 2 μl but significantly less than those inseminated with 2 × 4 μl of semen. Two inseminations with each dose of 6 μl give even better results than one insemination with 20 μl (15). The access of attendant bees significantly affects the number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca (12, 13, 16, 18). It is best if queens are kept with at least 350 workers after insemination (16, 17). The access of workers also affects the clearing of excess semen from oviducts (16). According to Gontarz et al. (8) queens should be keep with attendant bees even before insemination because the period prior to insemination affects condition of their oviducts after insemination. However Wilde (10) did not observe any differences on the brood area and productivity in the colonies with instrumentally inseminated queens kept before and after insemination in different conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of spermatozoa entering the spermatheca of queens Number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca of honey bee queens inseminated with small doses of semen and kept in an incubator in cages with different numbers of workers

medycyna weterynaryjna

Number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca of honey bee queens inseminated with small doses of semen and kept in an incubator in cages with different numbers of workers