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Objective Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglioma from extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue. Although malignant PPGLs has miserable prognosis, the treatment strategy remains to be established. An internal radiation therapy using [(131)I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-mIBG) called MIBG therapy has been attempted as one of the systemic treatment of malignant PPGLs. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of MIBG therapy for refractory PPGLs. Methods Patients with refractory PPGLs will be enrolled in this study. The total number of patients for registration is 20. The patients receive a fixed dose of 7,400 MBq of (131)I-mIBG. Adverse events are surveyed during 20 weeks after (131)I-mIBG injection and all severe adverse events will be documented and reported in detail in accordance with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Examination and imaging diagnosis are performed in 12 weeks after (131)I-mIBG injection for the evaluation of therapeutic effect in accordance with the Response Evaluation in Solid Tumours (RECIST). Conclusion The current study is the first multi-institutional prospective study of MIBG therapy and thereby will play a significant role in improving the patients' prognosis of refractory PPGLs. J. Med. Invest. 64: 205-209, August, 2017.

journal of medical investigation

A phase I clinical trial for [&lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt;I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy in patients with refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a study protocol