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Rawinsonde observation was performed in late January through early February in 1998 around the southwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk to estimate the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat over the ice-covered ocean during the winter monsoon. Upstream cold and stable air mass originated from the Eurasian continent was significantly modified through heat and moisture supply from warm sea surface with offshore cold-air outbreaks, which consequently formed mixed layer characterized by neutral stability over downstream areas. Associated with reduction of the top of the mixed layer height through the observational period, estimated heat fluxes also decreased gradually from 210 W m-2 to 30 W m-2. These decrease tendencies of the mixed layer height and estimated heat fluxes may reflect the increase of the insulating effect of the sea-ice cover on heat and moisture exchanges between the atmosphere and ocean.

Estimation of Surface Heat Flux Based on Rawinsonde Observation in the Southwestern Part of the Sea of Okhotsk under Ice-covered Condition.