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Cyclonic misovortices with a horizontal scale of 0.4 – 1.9 km embedded within a convective snowband were observed by two X-band Doppler radars in the Japan Sea coastal region on December 31, 2007, during a cold-air outbreak. All vortices initially developed offshore, subsequently making a landfall. The structure and temporal evolution of these vortices during the landfall were investigated using high-resolution data obtained from two X-band Doppler radars. The studied vortices developed along a low-level convergence line characterized by cyclonic horizontal shear, suggesting that horizontal shearing instability was responsible for the initial development of the vortices. A detailed investigation was performed on a vortex that passed within a close range (< 10 km) of both radars and almost directly over two surface observation stations. As this vortex approached the coast, it extended upward with time and eventually reached a height greater than half of the echo-top height of the parent snowband. During the landfall, the vortex core diameter contracted markedly and its peak tangential velocity and vertical vorticity increased at lower altitudes. Such a temporal change of low-level vortex was associated with an intensification of low-level convergence around the vortex and the convergence line. These facts suggest that the stretching of the low-level vortex was responsible for the low-level vortex contraction and increase in peak tangential velocity and vertical vorticity during the landfall.

kisho shushi. dai1shu/kisho shushi. dai2shu/journal of the meteorological society of japan

Structure and Evolution of Misovortices Observed within a Convective Snowband in the Japan Sea Coastal Region during a Cold-Air Outbreak on 31 December 2007