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This study discovered a decreasing phenomenon of interdecadal variation in winter precipitation averaged over southern China since 1998. This study analyzed the difference in the average precipitation in the periods of 1999–2014 and 1980–1998 to determine the cause of reduction in winter precipitation in recent years. The spatial distribution of difference in winter precipitation between the two periods showed that negative anomalies were distributed from the equatorial eastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific, whereas positive anomalies were distributed in the subtropical western Pacific, Maritime Continent, and northern part of Australia. This pattern is a typical spatial distribution of precipitation anomalies displayed at La Niña events. On the other hand, most of the northern parts (i.e., above 20°N) in East Asia showed negative anomalies, the centers of which were distributed over southern China. To determine the characteristic of the large-scale atmospheric circulations that caused a difference of spatial distribution in precipitation between the two periods, a difference in 850 hPa streamlines was analyzed between the two periods. In the tropical Pacific, the Walker circulation, in which air ascended from the Maritime Continent and tropical western Pacific and descended at the equatorial central Pacific, was strengthened. Thus, this was caused by a spatial distribution of sea surface temperature, La Niña-like pattern. In the East Asia region, the Hadley circulation, in which air ascended at the southern China Sea and descended at mid-latitude regions in East Asia, was strengthened. This circulation was related to an anomalous pressure system pattern of the west high east low type in East Asia and the strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon, which can be confirmed through the snow depth, which increased in mid-latitude regions in East Asia in recent years.

Interdecadal Change of Winter Precipitation over Southern China in Late 1990s