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This study investigates the natural relationships between the carbon cycle and land surface processes in the Northern Hemisphere, related to recent El Niño events by a general circulation model with a Biosphere̶Atmosphere Interaction Model Version 2 (BAIM2). Two cases are simulated; the periods of Case 1 and Case 2 are from 1996 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2005, respectively. Case 1 included the El Niño event from 1997 to 1998, and Case 2 included that from 2002 to 2003 in each simulation period. The physical and biological mechanisms of the relationship between the changes of land surface processes with climate changes and variations of CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem are systematically examined using the results of direct simulation with a terrestrial biosphere̶atmosphere fully coupled global climate model. In 1998 and 2003, high surface temperature and low soil wetness in the Eurasian Continent and North America occurred in the warm season in the Northern Hemisphere. These climate conditions are thought to have induced relatively low gross primary production and net ecosystem production values and contributed to anomalously high atmospheric CO2 concentrations in these years. The results of this study suggest that there is a common feature in the relationship between the carbon cycle and land surface processes in the Northern Hemisphere, related to recent El Niño events. Specifically, an anomaly of the atmospheric circulation in the warm season in the Northern Hemisphere in the year El Niño event ends, which is most likely induced by the global teleconnection associated with the tropical sea surface temperature anomaly, causes an anomaly in the land surface processes; this in turn induces anomalously low carbon absorption by the terrestrial ecosystem, which affects the variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration growth rate.

kisho shushi. dai1shu/kisho shushi. dai2shu/journal of the meteorological society of japan

A Numerical Study of the Relationship between the Carbon Cycle and the Land Surface Processes in the Northern Hemisphere Related to Recent El Niño Events