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By using a linearized Boussinesq model on the tangent plane in the mid-latitudes, how the effect of the horizontal component of the angular velocity of the Earthʼs rotation ( fH-effect) modies the characteristics of inertia-gravity waves is examined. The fH-effect widens the range of the intrinsic wave frequency. A physical interpretation of this modication is made in terms of restoring forces. There are cases in which the rotational direction of the hodograph with time is anticlockwise (clockwise) even in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere, unlike the case of fH = 0. Considering the form stress over the potential temperature surface, the sign of the vertical group velocity can be the same as that of the vertical phase speed, unlike the case of fH = 0, because the fH-effect can reverse the direction of the form stress through the vertical force balance. The minimum frequency increases with the buoyancy frequency (N) for fH ≠ 0, when the latitude and the direction of the wavevector are xed. This fact indicates that waves trapped in a weakly stratied layer (WSL) exist, whereN is low. Using an idealized vertical prole ofN in the form of a square well, the trapped wave solution is derived. The solution is composed of two plane waves in the WSL, while it decays exponentially outside. Using operational radiosonde data in Japan, it is shown that there is a persistent WSL slightly below the tropopause where the climatological minimum value of N (Nmin) is about a half times lower than the typical tropospheric value (~ 0.01 s −1 ). The Nmin value is not sufficiently small to form trapped waves having wavelengths in a realistic range within a few days, because the condition of Nmin < 0.001 s −1 is necessary. Thus, such trapped waves are rarely observed in the WSL slightly below the tropopause.

The Effect of the Horizontal Component of the Angular Velocity of the Earth's Rotation on Inertia-Gravity Waves