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It was discovered that rare earth halides of thulium, holmium and erbium, added in combination with thallium halide to the high pressure mercury discharge lamps, emit high color rendering white spectra with high efficacy , It was also discovered that the emissions from these lamps consist of the atomic line spectra of the metals and the molecular con tinuous spectra of the rare earth halides. The atomic spectra of the rare earth metals are mainly in the short wavelength region of the visible range and the molecular spectra are in the long wavelength region around 600 nm . This characteristic is applicable to the dysprosium halide additive lamp. Metal halide lamps with thulium, holmium or erbium emit excellent spectra especially when operated at high wall load around 20 W/cm2 so as to attain the high vapor pressure of the rare earth halides . For example, the thallium-thulium iodide additive 400 W high wall loading lamp, of which the arc length is 28 mm and the tube diameter is 18 mm , has a luminous efficacy of 105 lm/W and the genearl color rendering index Ra of 75, while the thallium-holmium iodide additive lamp has a luminous efficacy of 90 lm/W and the index Ra of more than 90.

Radiation Characteristics of Metal Halide Lamps with Rare Earth Halide Additives