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During the last months of the 1848–1849 Hungarian War of Independence, Polish immigrants in Constantinople elaborated a large-scale cooperation plan against Russia. According to two letters found in the archives of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, a would-be Circassian–Polish–Hungarian cooperation and alliance would engage considerable Russian forces in the Caucasus, dividing thus the country’s power. It would effectively support the Hungarians’ fight, give the Circassians the opportunity to attain their freedom, the Ottoman Empire would considerably strengthen its position in the area, and it would eventually help to restore the independence of Poland. The late and bold plan however contained too many obstacles. The Porte’s extensive support would have been by all means necessary, but at that time the Ottomans, considering the political and military circumstances, did not dare to go into a confrontation with Russia yet. At the date of the documents the Hungarian War of Independence was nearing to defeat. Circassians were weakened by tribal, religious and political conflicts; and though they scored numberless tactical victories over Russians, they were unable to inflict strategic defeat on the Tsar’s battle-hardened troops.

1848-49 Macar Devrimi’nin Son Günlerinde Rusya İmparatorluğu’na Karşı Çerkes, Leh ve Macar İttifakı Planları