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The study aimed to identify the ethnospecies used as phytotherapics in the treatment of diseases in the rural community of Santa Rita, municipality of Congo (Paraíba state, Northeast Brazil). We interviewed 93 informants (53 women and 40 men). The interviewees cited 37 vernacular names of plants, distributed in 38 species. Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Anacardiaceae were the most representative families. According to the calculation of the species’ relative importance, Syderoxylon obtusifolium, Ximenia americana, Myracodruon urundeuva, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Ziziphus joazeiro and Trabebuia sp. lead the ranking of the species cited, with RI > 1. These species are used to treat fairly common diseases among the community members, such as infections and pains in general. Data evidenced the current use of the most versatile species, as well as other less cited ones. Thus it is necessary to conduct more studies and produce more management plans to reduce the impact on them, especially on M. urundeuva.

Relative importance of medicinal plants in the Semi-Arid Region of Paraíba: a case study in the Municipality of Congo (Paraíba, Northeast Brazil)