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Correspondence: Arrigo FG Cicero Clinical Pharmacologist, Lipidologist, “GC Descovich” Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases research Center internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases Dept., Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, italy Tel +39 34 9855 8017 Fax +39 05 139 0646 Email afgcicero@cardionet.it Abstract: Berberine is a plant alkaloid with numerous biological activities. A large body of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies support different pharmacological actions of berberine that could be potentially useful in the management of metabolic diseases associated with high cardiovascular disease risk, such as mixed hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it seems that berberine also exerts anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects that could play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences. Recently, the metabolic effects of berberine have been demonstrated in humans, opening new perspectives for the use of this molecule in patient therapy. Larger and longer clinical studies need to be carried out to implement the definition of the therapeutic role of berberine in humans.

Berberine: metabolic and cardiovascular effects in preclinical and clinical trials