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The nociceptin receptor (NOP) was discovered in 1994 and was designated opioid-like receptor; activation of NOP leads to reduced neuronal excitability. Although suggested by the anatomical localization of NOP in brain or spinal cord, the cardiovascular or nociceptive effects of its endogenous ligand, nociceptin, are equivocal. Taking advantage from intrathecal application of nociceptin to simultaneously activate NOP on sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral column (IML) and superficial laminae of dorsal horn, we investigated whether the nociceptin-induced cardiovascular effects engage the participation of baroreflex, and whether the concurrently elicited changes in blood pressure and pain responses are interrelated.

Activation of spinal nociceptin receptors induces cardiovascular depression and antinociception in an independent manner in mice