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Summary of main findings for each determinant Type of determinant Determinant Main findingsOperational: this category contained the determinants where adaptive capacity was most limited (political and technology)Financial There is limited uptake of risk management tools (crop insurance and income stabilization plans) increasing the risk of hardship during years of yield loss. The majority of participants experience income variability reducing the potential for future planning and investment in adaptive measures.Institutional There is institutional support for innovation and leadership. Presently there is limited access to water infrastructure, which may limit adaptive measures such as irrigation during hot summer temperatures and at times of frost risk.Political Presently, the OWI has political connections and support allowing the industry to have input into governing policies and regulations. OWI members are politically active empowering them with a sense of control over the industry.Technology new technologies are incorporated into present practices.strategic: this category contained the determinants where adaptive capacity was greatest (knowledge, perception, and social capital)Perception Participants acknowledge climate change will bring positive and negative impacts to the industry. There is a strong desire to learn how to better manage these impacts.Diversity The majority of participants have a diversity of income sources and skills reducing their sole dependency on the OWI.Knowledge Local and scientific knowledge are accessed, valued, and shared within the OWI. This allows the spread of new knowledge and best practices techniques in adapting to climate change.social capital Within the OWI elements of trust, cooperation and collective action are well established indicating that members support each other in times of need such as a personal illness or harvest loss.

Assessing the adaptive capacity of the Ontario wine industry for climate change adaptation